The Snakes of Europe

Transcriber's Notes:

When italics were used in the original book, the corresponding text has been surrounded by _underscores_. The oe ligature has been replaced by the letters oe. Greek letters have been replaced by their names and surrounded by square brackets (i.e. [alpha]). The male and female symbols have been replaced by [M] and [F] respectively. Upside-down V and Y have been...