The Story of the East Riding of Yorkshire

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THE STORY OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE

_A COMPANION VOLUME._

_304 Pages, Crown 8vo, with 56 Illustrations._ _Cloth Boards_, =1/8= _net_.

YORK IN ENGLISH HISTORY

BY

J. L. BROCKBANK, M.A.,

AND

W. M. HOLMES.

_A typical Press Opinion._—"We have nothing but praise for this charming book. It has well been said that ‘to master thoroughly the story of the city of York is to know practically the whole of English history,’ and the authors of this new history have demonstrated the truth of this opinion. No pains have been spared by the publishers to give the letterpress a perfect setting; binding, paper, illustrations, and general finish are alike admirable."

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LONDON: A. BROWN & SONS, Ltd., 5 Farringdon Av., E.C. And at Hull and York.

THE PRIDE OF THE EAST RIDING. BEVERLEY MINSTER FROM THE SOUTH-EAST. ]

THE STORY OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE

BY

HORACE B. BROWNE, M.A.

_WITH ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY ILLUSTRATIONS_

LONDON

A. BROWN & SONS, LTD., 5 FARRINGDON AVENUE, E.C. AND AT HULL AND YORK

---

1912

PRINTED AT BROWNS’ SAVILE PRESS, SAVILE STREET AND GEORGE STREET, HULL.

TO THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF THE EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE,

IN THE HOPE THAT THE STORY OF THE LIVES OF THEIR FOREFATHERS MAY INSPIRE THEM TO HELP IN ROLLING ONWARDS THE WHEELS OF PROGRESS THAT HAVE BEEN IN MOTION EVER SINCE THE FIRST LIVING BEING CAME INTO EXISTENCE.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author wishes herein to acknowledge his indebtedness:—

(1) To the published works of local historians, and to the publications of local learned societies, into all of which he has delved, and from many of which he has ‘lifted’ such local records as it served his purpose to use.

(2) To MR. JOHN BICKERSTETH, of the East Riding County Council, for valuable help in the chapter on _How the East Riding Governs Itself_, and in the general planning of the book; to MR. JOHN SUDDABY, for much information that is embodied in Chapters XXIV.-XXVII.; to the WARDENS OF THE HULL TRINITY HOUSE, and MR. E. J. HESELTINE for extracts from the records of the Trinity House; to MR. J. H. HIRST, Hull City Architect, for the draft of the illustration on p. 167; and to MR. W. G. B. PAGE, for revising the proofs of _The East Riding Roll of Honour_.

(3) To COL. MARK SYKES, M.P., CANON GRIMSTON of Stillingfleet, ALDERMAN JOHN BROWN, DR. J. WRIGHT MASON, MRS. WATSON, of Hedon, MR. W. MORFITT of Atwick, the CURATOR of the Hull Museums, and others, for permission to take photographs of objects in their possession.

(4) To the EDITOR of the Transactions of the East Riding Antiquarian Society, the Hull Scientific Club, and the Hull Museum Publications, for the loan of several blocks; to PROFESSOR COLLINGWOOD and the EDITOR of the ‘Yorkshire Archæological Journal’ for the loan of blocks for the illustrations on pp. 55, 63, 64; to MR. T. A. J. WADDINGTON of York, and the EDITOR of the ‘Port of Hull Annual’ for that of the blocks used on pp. 236 and 248; and to the HEAD-MASTERS and HEAD MISTRESSES of the East Riding Schools for that of the blocks used in Chapter XXX.

(5) To his friend, MR. E. HAWORTH EARLE, and to his colleagues, MR. C. BAZELL and MR. J. V. PUGH, for reading the proofs of the entire book and correcting many errors that would otherwise have escaped detection.

(6) To his friend and old pupil, MR. C. W. MASON, for the great amount of time and care which he has bestowed upon the taking of special photographs.

(7) To the PUBLISHERS of the book, who have placed in his hands every possible facility for enriching its pages with whatever illustrations they thought would prove of interest, and who have thereby produced a book which it is hoped will reach the high-water mark of excellence in artistic production.

HYMERS COLLEGE, HULL,

1912.

CONTENTS

CHAP. PAGE

I. WHAT THE EAST RIDING IS 1

II. HOW THE EAST RIDING WAS MADE 3

III. MEN OF THE STONE AGE 8

IV. MEN OF THE BRONZE AGE—THE ANCIENT BRITONS 20

V. MEN OF THE IRON AGE—THE ROMANS IN EAST YORKSHIRE 29

VI. OUR ANCESTORS 40

VII. HOW THE MEN OF THE NORTH BECAME CHRISTIANS 47

VIII. THE COMING OF THE NORTHMEN 56

IX. IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 892 65

X. TWO FAMOUS BATTLES OF LONG AGO 74

XI. HOW THE NORMANS CAME TO YORKSHIRE 85

XII. HOW OUR ANCIENT PARISH CHURCHES WERE BUILT 95

XIII. THE BIRTH OF HULL AND THE ROMANCE OF THE DE LA POLES 111

XIV. MONKS, NUNS, AND FRIARS 123

XV. SAINT JOHN OF BEVERLEY AND HIS MINSTER 135

XVI. SANCTUARIES 145

XVII. HOW TWO KINGS OF ENGLAND LANDED AT SPURN 155

XVIII. LIFE IN A MEDIÆVAL TOWN 162

XIX. THE TRADE UNIONS OF THE MIDDLE AGES 179

XX. THE SUPPRESSION OF THE MONASTERIES AND THE PILGRIMAGE 188 OF GRACE

XXI. HOW THE GREAT CIVIL WAR BEGAN AT HULL 202

XXII. HOW HULL WAS TWICE BESIEGED 212

XXIII. SOME ANCIENT EAST RIDING FAMILIES 223

XXIV. STAGE COACH AND RAILWAY 238

XXV. ENGLAND’S THIRD PORT—THE MODERN GROWTH OF HULL 253

XXVI. FAMOUS SONS OF THE EAST RIDING 269

XXVII. SHIPS OF THE HUMBER 284

XXVIII. FOLK-SPEECH OF THE EAST RIDING 301

XXIX. HOW THE EAST RIDING GOVERNS ITSELF 311

XXX. EAST RIDING SCHOOLS 321

XXXI. THE EAST RIDING ROLL OF HONOUR 344

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

THE PRIDE OF THE EAST RIDING _Frontispiece_

THE THREE RIDINGS OF YORKSHIRE 2

ONE OF THE FIRST INHABITANTS OF THE EAST RIDING 4

RELICS OF THE ICE AGE 6

SKULL AND ANTLERS OF A RED DEER 7

BONE IMPLEMENTS AND WEAPONS FROM BARROWS ON THE WOLDS 9

SECTION OF HOWE HILL, DUGGLEBY 12

POLISHED FLINT KNIFE FOUND IN DUGGLEBY HOWE 14

FLINT IMPLEMENT AND WEAPONS 15

UNFINISHED STONE ADZE HEAD AND WHINSTONE AXE HEAD 16

FOOD VESSEL FROM A BARROW ON ACKLAM WOLD 17

THE RUDSTONE MONOLITH 18

THE EARLIEST KIND OF AXE USED IN EAST YORKSHIRE 19

BRONZE CELT OR AXE HEAD FOUND AT SWINE 21

PLAN OF A BARROW ON CALAIS WOLD, AND IDEAL RESTORATION OF THE SITE OF BURIAL 23

BRITISH GOLD COIN FOUND AT ATWICK 24

HOW A BRITISH CHIEFTAIN’S WIFE WAS BURIED IN GARTON SLACK 25

A BRITISH WAR CHARIOT 26

EARTHWORKS AT SKIPSEA BROUGH 28

STATUE OF A ROMAN SOLDIER IN THE YORK MUSEUM 30

SECTION OF A ROMAN MILITARY HIGHWAY 31

ROMAN ROADS AROUND THE HUMBER 35

ROMAN PIG OF LEAD FOUND AT SOUTH CAVE 36

ROMAN ‘PENS’ FOUND AT BROUGH 36

RELICS OF ROMAN FEASTS FOUND AT EASINGTON 37

A ‘SAFETY-PIN’ SIXTEEN HUNDRED YEARS OLD 38

DESIGN OF THE PAVEMENT OF A ROMAN VILLA AT HARPHAM 39

IRON KNIFE AND BRONZE SPOON FROM AN ANGLIAN CEMETERY 45

CHILD’S TOYS FOUND IN A BURIAL VASE AT SANCTON 45

‘FINDS’ IN AN ANGLIAN CEMETERY NEAR GARTON GATEHOUSE 46

GOODMANHAM CHURCH (From an Old Engraving) 52

TWO SIDES OF AN ANGLIAN CROSS SHAFT AT LEVEN 55

DANISH SETTLEMENTS IN A PORTION OF NORTH LINCOL